Shell中判断语句if else的使用
在编程语言中,判断语句是少不了的,Shell中也不例外,Shell中的判断语句就是if ... else了
操作方法
- 01
if 语句通过关系运算符判断表达式的真假来决定执行哪个分支。 Shell 有三种 if ... else 语句: if ... fi 语句; if ... else ... fi 语句; if ... elif ... else ... fi 语句。
- 02
if ... else 语句的语法: if [ expression ] then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true fi 也可以写成,这个看个人习惯了 if [ expression ] ;then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true fi 如果 expression 返回 true,then 后边的语句将会被执行;如果返回 false,不会执行任何语句最后必须以 fi 来结尾闭合 if,fi 就是 if 倒过来拼写,后面也会遇见注意:expression 和方括号([ ])之间必须有空格,否则会有语法错误。
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如: #!/bin/sh a=10 b=20 if [ $a == $b ];then echo "a is equal to b" fi if [ $a != $b ];then echo "a is not equal to b" fi
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if ... else ... fi 语句的语法: if [ expression ];then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true else Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not true fi 如果 expression 返回 true,那么 then 后边的语句将会被执行; 否则,执行 else 后边的语句。
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如: #!/bin/sh a=10 b=20 if [ $a == $b ];then echo "a is equal to b" else echo "a is not equal to b" fi
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if ... elif ... fi 语句可以对多个条件进行判断,语法为: if [ expression 1 ];then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is true elif [ expression 2 ];then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is true elif [ expression 3 ];then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is true else Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is true fi 哪一个 expression 的值为 true,就执行哪个 expression 后面的语句;如果都为 false,那么不执行任何语句。
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如: #!/bin/sh a=10 b=20 if [ $a == $b ];then echo "a is equal to b" elif [ $a -gt $b ];then echo "a is greater than b" elif [ $a -lt $b ];then echo "a is less than b" else echo "None of the condition met" fi
- 08
if ... else 语句也经常与 test 命令结合使用,如: num1=$[2*3] num2=$[1+5] if test $[num1] -eq $[num2];then echo 'The two numbers are equal!' else echo 'The two numbers are not equal!' fi test 命令用于检查某个条件是否成立,与方括号([ ])类似。下一节会讲到